Lenovo Chromebook Flex 3 11-inch MTK 2-in-1 Chromebook: $179. Even Chromebooks don't come much cheaper than this Lenovo Flex 3. Regularly $279, you can now save $100 on this two. First - make sure you have your chromebook setup to run linux apps (settings linux beta) After that, download the linux package (.tar.bz2) for blender from blender.org. Decompress the archive and then run the executable within the linux environment (from the command line).
Why get Firefox for Chromebook?
While a Chromebook already has Chrome installed, downloading and using Firefox as your go-to browser provides you with a few benefits:
- Always-on tracking protection: by default, Firefox runs Enhanced Tracking Protection (ETP) to protect your personal data from known ad trackers, social trackers and cryptomining scripts that follow you around the web.
- Supporting independent technology: since most major browsers are now running on Chromium, there are fewer options that don’t feed into the Big Tech machine. Firefox is backed by a not-for-profit and is dedicated to fixing the internet. Using Firefox makes you a part of that.
Is it hard to install Firefox for Chromebook?
We wish it were more straightforward, but your Chromebook would prefer to keep you in the Google Play ecosystem. However, we think it’s worth the effort to install the Firefox browser to your Chromebook – and we’ve got resources to help you if you need them. There are two ways to get Firefox on your device.
Install Firefox from Google Play Store: on newer versions of Chrome OS (x86 based Chromebook running Chrome OS 80 or later), you have the option to install the Firefox for Android app. This app is developed for mobile devices.
Install Firefox as a Linux app: going this route takes a few more steps, but it’s worth it. When you install the Firefox browser as a Linux app, you get the Firefox desktop browser and all the benefits that come with, including Enhanced Tracking Protection, a built-in password manager, access to thousands of add-ons (including UBlock Origin ad blocker), and themes to customize the look of your browser. Learn more about installing Firefox desktop browser for Chromebook.
Install Linux onto your Chromebook. Dual-boot alongside ChromeOS for maximum flexibility.
works on | Most Chromebook models. See chromebooks. |
installs | Several Linux distributions. See operating systems and recommendations. |
chrx.org
github.com/reynhout/chrx
status
Version 3.0.2 See changelog.
usage
Installing Linux via chrx onto a new (or freshly recovered) Chromebookis a two-phase process:
- The first phase reserves space on your storage device forthe new operating system, and then reboots.
- The second phase installs your chosen distribution, and configures thenew system according to your selected options.
If you reinstall later, or switch to a another distribution, chrx willskip directly to phase two.
step-by-step
- Enable Developer Mode
- (for most models, press
ESC+F3(Refresh)+Power
)
- (for most models, press
- Boot ChromeOS and open Terminal
- Press
CTRL+D
at the white 'ChromeOS is missing or damaged' (or 'OS verification is OFF') screen - Configure Wi-Fi and log in (Guest account is fine)
- Open ChromeOS Terminal by pressing
CTRL+ALT+T
, and enteringshell
at the prompt
- Press
- Update firmware, if necessary -- see chromebooks
- required for Bay Trail, Braswell, and Apollo Lake models
- recommended for Broadwell, Skylake, and Kaby Lake models
- optional for Haswell models
- Download and run chrx
curl https://chrx.org/ | sudo tar xzfC - /usr/local && chrx
- Several options are available to customize your installation
- This new command line is required for ChromeOS M82 and newer. It also works on older ChromeOS versions.
- Follow on-screen instructions to allocate storage space for Linux
- chrx will suggest dedicating as much space as possible to Linux, and as little as necessary for ChromeOS. Choose your allocation ratio according to your personal requirements and preferences!
- Repeat steps 2 and 4 to install and configure your new system
options
chrx can accept several command-line options:
packages
chrx can install additional software packages after installingyour new operating system, using the -p PACKAGE
option.
You can install any package in the Ubuntu repositories via thismethod, plus a few non-Ubuntu packages for which chrx hasspecial handling, and some aliases for convenience:
minecraft
installs Minecraftsteam
installs Steamkodi
installs Kodi Media Centerchrome
installs Google Chromeadmin-misc
is an alias for'ssh tmux rsync vim'
dev-misc
is an alias for'arduino geany geany-plugins ruby'
To install multiple packages from the chrx command line, youcan repeat the -p PACKAGE
option as many times as you need, oryou can quote the argument, e.g.: -p 'gimp blender inkscape'
.
examples
GalliumOS Desktop (latest), verbosely:
chrx -v
GalliumOS Desktop (latest), plus packages:
chrx -p 'minecraft steam kodi'
Lubuntu Desktop (latest):
chrx -d lubuntu
Ubuntu Standard, version 16.04, system name hal
, first user dave
, including some administrative tools:
chrx -d ubuntu -e standard -r 16.04 -H hal -U dave -p admin-misc
compatibility
chromebooks
status | CPU family | notes |
---|---|---|
✅ | Intel Haswell | Firmware update available (RW_LEGACY) |
✅ | Intel Broadwell | Firmware updaterecommended (RW_LEGACY) |
✅ | Intel Skylake | Firmware updaterecommended (RW_LEGACY) |
✅ | Intel Kaby Lake | Firmware updaterecommended (RW_LEGACY) |
✅ | Intel Bay Trail | Firmware updaterequired (RW_LEGACY) |
✅ | Intel Braswell | Firmware updaterequired (RW_LEGACY) |
✅ | Intel Apollo Lake | Firmware updaterequired (RW_LEGACY) |
❓ | Intel Sandy/Ivy Bridge | Requires SeaBIOS with Legacy Boot capability |
❓ | Intel Pineview | Requires SeaBIOS with Legacy Boot capability |
❌ | ARM | ARM support is very unlikely |
If you do not know the CPU in your device, check here: https://wiki.galliumos.org/Hardware_Compatibility
operating systems
status | OS | distribution | notes |
---|---|---|---|
✅ | Linux | GalliumOS | Derived from Xubuntu, developed specifically for compatibility and optimized performance on Chromebook hardware. |
✅ | Linux | Lubuntu | A light-weight variant of Ubuntu, with the LXDE desktop environment. |
✅ | Linux | Xubuntu | A light-weight variant of Ubuntu, with the Xfce desktop environment. |
✅ | Linux | Kubuntu | Ubuntu with the KDE desktop environment. |
✅ | Linux | Edubuntu | Full Ubuntu plus application bundles used in educational settings. |
✅ | Linux | Ubuntu | The standard full Ubuntu distro. |
✅ | Linux | Fedora | New 20161121! |
❌ | FreeBSD | Work in progress! |
recommendations
Chromebooks perform best with lighter-weight operating systems and desktop environments, and they often require updated kernel drivers to support their new and tightly integrated hardware.
Selecting a distribution which meets these needs is therefore an important part of Linux-on-Chromebook happiness. While any updated distro will work for ordinary tasks, there are a few that stand out:
- GalliumOS is optimized specifically for Chromebooks. It scores well on all metrics, looks great, and installs quickly. Some memory-hungry applications (e.g. Steam games) perform best on GalliumOS thanks to careful optimizations. GalliumOS is the default distro installed by chrx.
- Lubuntu also scores and performs well. It uses significantly less RAM than other distros.
- Xubuntu is another good choice. It's a bit heavier-weight than Lubuntu, but still performs very well.
- Fedora comes in several 'spins' (desktop environments, selected with
-e ENVIRONMENT
), some of which (lxde) are lightweight, and some of which (desktop (gnome), default) are heavier. A few sample spins have been added to measurements below. - I would not choose standard, full, Ubuntu for a Chromebook. It is perfectly usable, bit it's heavier and suffers in performance, without offering any important benefits. Memory use starts higher and increases much more quickly as you use the desktop apps (not reflected in measurements below). If your Chromebook model has 4GB of RAM, the performance differences are reduced but not eliminated.
sample measurements
distribution¹ | disk space² | RAM use³ | install time⁴ | recommended? |
---|---|---|---|---|
GalliumOS 3.0 | 3.2GB | 320MB | 10 mins | ✅ |
GalliumOS 2.0 | 2.5GB | 291MB | 9 mins | ✅ |
GalliumOS 1.0 | 2.8GB | 287MB | 10 mins | ✅ |
Lubuntu 15.10 | 2.7GB | 227MB | 18 mins | ✅ |
Lubuntu 16.04 | 3.1GB | 185MB | 19 mins | ✅ |
Xubuntu 15.04 | 3.0GB | 360MB | 22 mins | ✅ |
Ubuntu 15.04 | 3.5GB | 440MB | 28 mins | ❌ |
Kubuntu 15.10 | 4.2GB | 613MB | ❌ | |
Fedora 24 (lxde) | 2.9GB | 182MB | 20 mins | ✅ |
Fedora 24 (cinnamon) | 3.8GB | 384MB | 27 mins | ✅ |
Fedora 24 | 4.5GB | 647MB | 27 mins | ❌ |
- All distributions were installed with the
desktop
environment option, except where noted. - Disk space can be reduced by removing unwanted packages. The number shown reflects the default install for the desktop environment.
- RAM use is measured after graphical login, connecting to Wi-Fi, and opening one window of the default Terminal program to run
/usr/bin/free
after a couple minutes for the system to stabilize. The number shown is an average of several tests, and variance is very low (2-3%). - Installation time will vary greatly depending on your Internet connection, but the ratios should be representative.
test suite
'Working' is defined as:
- system boots cleanly and quickly
- installation remnants are cleaned up
- swap and compressed RAM are enabled
- proper drivers are properly loaded
- trackpad works (standard & australian)
- trackpad settings are usable
- audio works, including after sleep/wake
- wireless works, including after sleep/wake
- function keys for backlight are functional
- function keys volume control are functional
- microphone input works
- webcam input works
- power management sleeps system when lid closed
- power management wakes system when lid opened
- no user configuration is required for basic use
This list might evolve. Your input is welcome!
alternatives
chrx is a command-line installer which requires requires no physicalmedia or other preparation to install. It allows you to dual-boot, so youcan choose Linux or ChromeOS each time you turn on your Chromebook. Thisis a flexible setup, well-suited for many users, but of course not all.
Consider these alternatives:
- Single-Boot instead of dual-boot. If you don't need or want ChromeOS,you don't need to keep it. You can install directly from a Linux ISOwritten to a USB/SD device. As with dual-boot, you might need to updatefirmware (full ROM/UEFI is recommended for single-boot only), andGalliumOS is the distro of choice.
- Crouton allows you to run ChromeOSand Linux simultaneously, instead of dual-booting like chrx.This arrangement has a few drawbacks, but if you spend most of your time inChromeOS and your Linux needs are limited, it should serve well.
- Crostini is Google's Linux-apps-in-containers-inside-virtual-machines-on-ChromeOS project. It's only available on newer Chromebook models, so be sure to check the compatibility list first.
notes on security and privacy
Running code from the net is always an act that requires careful thought.chrx can be run directly from the net, and by default will downloadadditional code via the same mechanisms. Any of these downloads could bemisdirected or compromised. Downloading over an unsecured network (e.g.public Wi-Fi) raises the likelihood of such malfeasance, but it can neverbe fully eliminated.
If these are concerns of yours, you can mitigate your risks by auditingall of the code involved, comparing checksums of downloaded packages, andhosting local caches (see advanced usage).
Also, chrx 'pings home' on every install to report success or failure.This ping includes no personal information, only data that might beuseful for investigating failures.
Can You Use Blender On A Chromebook
Log entries created by these pings look like this:
Blender For Chromebook
hw
is a hardware ID that corresponds to your model of Chromebook(not a serial number).
sw
combines a few of the command-line settings (or defaults) that youused to run chrx.
If this level of information sharing makes you uncomfortable, the behaviourcan be disabled with the -n
switch.
meta, obligatory
chrx is pronounced 'marshmallow'.
thanks
To Jay Lee for ChrUbuntu, to /r/chrubuntu for assembling links to tons of helpful resources, and to the dozens of people who found answers and solved problems before I even started looking.
changelog
Can Blender Run On A Chromebook
- 1.0 (20141223)
- 1.1 (20150504): add support for Ubuntu 15.04
- 1.1.1 (20150508): add '-r RELEASE' option; validate some input
- 1.1.2 (20151005): update Ubuntu 'trusty' to 14.04.3; add recognized HWIDs (PEPTO, LINK, SAMUS, LEON, PAINE, YUNA, SPRING, SKATE, FALCO, WOLF); always verify chrx.org certificates
- 2.0 (20151025): add GalliumOS support; add support for Ubuntu 15.10; add detection and installation prognosis for all known ChromeOS devices; add '-d DISTRIBUTION' and '-e ENVIRONMENT' options; remove '-m METAPACKAGE' option; remove '-i IMAGE' option, make RELEASE smarter; work around
systemd
conflict; refactor code into functions to facilitate multiple distros and future operating systems - 2.0.1 (20151113): update core image pathname for GalliumOS
- 2.0.2 (20151118): update some HWIDs
- 2.0.3 (20151119): bugfix: issue #4, parted and partprobe removed from ChromeOS
- 2.0.4 (20151120): bugfix: issue #5, '-r RELEASE' handling failing for some values of RELEASE
- 2.0.5 (20151212): add first user to important groups; use generic coreimage for GalliumOS
- 2.0.6 (20151214): bugfix: issue #7, add GalliumOS hwspecific pkgs properly
- 2.0.7 (20151214): update detection for all known ChromeOS devices; improve prognosis descriptions
- 2.0.8 (20160102): add CHRX_NO_REBOOT env var for use with https://github.com/MattDevo/scripts
- 2.1 (20160103): add '-p PACKAGE' option to install additional packages
- 2.1.1 (20160120): update URL for GalliumOS coreimage; make sure util pkgs are added
- 2.1.2 (20160130): add parsing for '-r nightly' (GalliumOS only, installs nightly build); log chrx command line for debugging; add first user to groups more quietly
- 2.2 (20160304): switch default distribution to GalliumOS
- 2.2.1 (20160316): bugfix: issue #12, errors installing to external media
- 2.2.2 (20160420): retry/resume failed image downloads; add new HWIDs
- 2.2.3 (20160426): do not drop to shell before reboot; do not retry coreimage downloads; update steam install for xenial; update docs for Ubuntu 16.04
- 2.2.4 (20160505): add Google Chrome to installable packages; add new HWIDs, update others
- 2.2.5 (20160512): update Ubuntu base/core image URL (thanks arsfeld)
- 2.2.6 (20160619): hide eMMC partitions properly (thanks gmykhailiuta); improve -r RELEASE handling for GalliumOS; add preliminary handling for running under non-ChromeOS
- 2.2.7 (20160810): use version-dependent Ubuntu URL to match new Canonical schemes; update Ubuntu 'trusty' to 14.04.5
- 2.2.8 (20161002): add support for new GalliumOS hardware-specific pkgs: braswell, skylake, samus
- 2.3 (20161121): add support for Fedora! thanks @jedigo!
- 2.3.1 (20161208): Fedora: add
-p
support, add latest to auto-detection, add nonfree codecs (thx @jedigo); GalliumOS: use chrx GRUB config; all: add more hidden mmcblk0 partitions, update GRUB config - 2.3.2 (20161222): add first user to groups individually in case selected distro/metapackage/spin does not include all (fixes #30)
- 2.4 (20161228): add support selection of mirror sites (GalliumOS-only)
- 2.4.1 (20170129): GalliumOS: Fix LINK, add CHELL HiDPI pkg selection
- 2.4.2 (20180201): Fedora: updates for Fedora 27
- 2.4.3 (20180211): Ubuntu: update versioning; all: handle NVMe disks
- 2.5 (20180607): GalliumOS: updates for GalliumOS 3.0
- 2.5.1 (20190620): Add support for Intel Gemini Lake and Amber Lake
- 2.6 (20190629): GalliumOS: default to 3.0
- 2.7 (20191029): Fedora: fixes for versions 30, 31. Thanks @jedigo!
- 2.8 (20191101): update and improve hardware detection matching
- 3.0 (20191110): internal improvements for noexec partitions; separate HWID lists to simplify reuse and updates; new, more-complicated, command line :(
- 3.0.1 (20200530): Print useful error message if run with old command-line on older ChromeOS; Ubuntu: do not install Google Chrome by default
- 3.0.2 (20200731): Remove redundant check form RW_LEGACY via mosys